隨著中國電動汽車銷量的大幅增長，有預測報告稱，鋰離子動力電池市(shi)場正(zheng)進入黃(huang)金期(qi)，到2017年，動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)產業規模(mo)將(jiang)暴(bao)增(zeng)至目前的(de)400%。如此跨越式的(de)規模(mo)增(zeng)長(chang)之下，電池(chi)的(de)質(zhi)量成了不可回(hui)避的(de)技術(shu)點。近期(qi)，北京市(shi)發(fa)文(wen)對車輛和(he)動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)質(zhi)保作了調(diao)整，其中對動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)等關鍵零(ling)部件提供(gong)不低于(yu)5年或(huo)10萬公(gong)里(li)的(de)質(zhi)保，調(diao)整為(wei)提供(gong)不低于(yu)8年或(huo)12萬公(gong)里(li)的(de)質(zhi)保。

我國(guo)動力電池延長壽命 技術(shu)突破成關(guan)鍵

上海同(tong)北京一(yi)樣作為全國領先新能源汽車(che)(che)推廣示范城市，也在(zai)考量提(ti)高(gao)動力電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用期限，綜合目(mu)前各車(che)(che)企(qi)的(de)動力電(dian)池(chi)質保服務標準來看，動力電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般能運行5年(nian)10萬公里。如何突破技術瓶(ping)頸，延(yan)長電(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽命是當(dang)下各電(dian)池(chi)生產企(qi)業共同(tong)面(mian)對的(de)課(ke)題。

電(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)瓶頸在(zai)于電(dian)(dian)池，只有電(dian)(dian)池動力問題解決了，其(qi)他問題都能(neng)(neng)(neng)迎(ying)刃而(er)解。在(zai)目前技(ji)術(shu)條件(jian)下，改變動力電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)延長電(dian)(dian)池壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)不錯選擇。業內(nei)人士指出(chu)，目前宣(xuan)傳的(de)(de)8年(nian)質保，其(qi)實(shi)并不一定能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠實(shi)現。汽車動力電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)生(sheng)產過程中由于生(sheng)產工藝的(de)(de)差(cha)異，電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)內(nei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也存在(zai)些(xie)許(xu)差(cha)別。隨著(zhu)時(shi)間地推(tui)移，電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)內(nei)的(de)(de)單體(ti)差(cha)異會(hui)逐步擴(kuo)大，最終會(hui)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，造成電(dian)(dian)池性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)快速(su)衰減(jian)。而(er)不同的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)是(shi)影響(xiang)單體(ti)鋰離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)重要因素，合適的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)不僅能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠最大限(xian)度的(de)(de)發揮電(dian)(dian)池容量，而(er)且可以(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。

我國動力電池延長壽(shou)命 技術突破成關鍵

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電時間長，續航(hang)里程短是當(dang)前電動汽車備受詬病(bing)。為(wei)此采(cai)(cai)取(qu)的(de)大倍率快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)方(fang)式雖(sui)然解決了(le)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電時長的(de)問題(ti)，但(dan)其(qi)實嚴重影響鋰電池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽命。一(yi)味地追求快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式，進行大倍率充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電，容易出現(xian)高溫、過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等異常情況甚至引(yin)發危險。而采(cai)(cai)取(qu)“先柔后勁”的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電方(fang)式，在(zai)電池(chi)(chi)所(suo)能承受的(de)電壓(ya)、電流之(zhi)下，并監測環境、溫度、溫差，主動維護(hu)電池(chi)(chi)健康狀態，都有助(zhu)于延長電池(chi)(chi)使用壽命，降(jiang)低安全風險。

充電(dian)方式(shi)是延(yan)長電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)方法之一，但(dan)不是根本上的(de)(de)解決(jue)方案。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)壽命(ming)(ming)和穩定(ding)性(xing)的(de)(de)提高(gao)還需(xu)從(cong)技(ji)術上取(qu)得突(tu)破。針對于我(wo)國(guo)現狀，動力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)從(cong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術層面來說，我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)企業在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和研發能(neng)(neng)力上都落后于世界水平。新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)到7.6萬輛，同(tong)比增幅達(da)到2.5倍。新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)配套動力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)出現大量(liang)(liang)(liang)缺口，再加上動力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)行業壁(bi)壘較(jiao)低，導致(zhi)大批技(ji)術含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)企業投(tou)入生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，最后造成(cheng)國(guo)內低端電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)過(guo)剩、高(gao)端電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)市場(chang)空(kong)白的(de)(de)局面。此外，技(ji)術含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)低的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)密度較(jiao)低，這就影(ying)響了新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)續(xu)航里程，若生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)同(tong)樣容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，我(wo)國(guo)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)將超過(guo)日韓(han)企電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，這又將影(ying)響新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)輕量(liang)(liang)(liang)化發展。

另(ling)外(wai)，我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)缺乏統一的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)標準(zhun)(zhun)，各家電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通用性(xing)很差，無(wu)法(fa)達到標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)、規模化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，也加大(da)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)設計的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)量。由(you)于(yu)沒有統一行業(ye)(ye)(ye)標準(zhun)(zhun)，各企業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)相(xiang)去甚(shen)大(da)。上(shang)游缺乏標準(zhun)(zhun)，無(wu)法(fa)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)，這就直接導致了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)呈現(xian)出了(le)較大(da)差異(yi)，也成為了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)難的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)之一。統一的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)標準(zhun)(zhun)將有助于(yu)規范(fan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)，有助于(yu)節約人力物力成本，將資源(yuan)更多地(di)投入到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)研發和(he)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)進上(shang)來。

我國動(dong)力電池延長壽命 技(ji)術突(tu)破成關鍵(jian)

一邊(bian)是(shi)國(guo)家對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)支(zhi)持力(li)度不(bu)(bu)斷加碼，動(dong)力(li)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)面臨難得的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)機遇。另(ling)一邊(bian)卻由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)續航能(neng)力(li)、安(an)(an)全性等障礙遲遲未能(neng)突(tu)破。與國(guo)際相(xiang)比，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)方(fang)(fang)面存在(zai)(zai)很(hen)多(duo)問題。一方(fang)(fang)面，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)先(xian)(xian)進材料和機理研究較(jiao)差，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)結(jie)構設計(ji)技術先(xian)(xian)進性較(jiao)低(di)，另(ling)一方(fang)(fang)面，自動(dong)化程度較(jiao)低(di)，精工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)開發(fa)能(neng)力(li)也較(jiao)弱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)只要將(jiang)單(dan)體組合即可，其實是(shi)一項很(hen)復(fu)雜的(de)技術。另(ling)外，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所需的(de)高端(duan)材料供(gong)給尚(shang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)，一致性、良品率、安(an)(an)全性、可靠性、產(chan)品性能(neng)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)完全滿(man)足(zu)市場要求，企業創新能(neng)力(li)總體不(bu)(bu)強，優勢產(chan)能(neng)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)。